

Very Interesting

Recent visitor of Wrangell/St. Elias National ParkI would have enjoyed some photos from more parts of the Park from the ground. Most photos were strictly from the air or in Kennicott or McCarthy. Since I am planning a backcountry trip there in Aug 2000 I would have enjoyed pictures from the areas that hikers are venturing to.
I would recomend the book for anyone planning to vistit McCarthy/ Kennicott and the Wrangell/ St. Elias Natl. Park.


Classic work on the evolution of the St. Nicholas legend

Charming quirky teen novel.

Shaw's "Saint Joan"- Shaw, like Cauchon, claimed that Joan was guilty of heresy for wearing male clothing allegedly as a personal preference, despite the fact that both of these men were aware of her own statements to the contrary. She was quoted as saying that she wore soldiers' clothing (of a type which had "laces and points" by which the pants and tunic could be securely tied together) primarily to protect herself, as her guards had tried to rape her on several occasions; this reason is also given in some of the 15th century chronicles, along with similar quotes from Joan herself on the need to protect her chastity while surrounded by the men in her army. The medieval Church allowed an exemption in such cases of necessity (read St. Thomas Aquinas' "Summa Theologica", or St. Hildegard's "Scivias", for example): the practice of so-called "cross-dressing" was only condemned if it was done as a preference. Shaw rejects all of the above based on the specious argument that the "other women" who accompanied armies in that era didn't wear such clothing, ignoring the fact that these "other women" were: 1) prostitutes, who wore provocative dresses because they were trying to encourage sexual encounters rather than the opposite; and 2) aristocratic women sometimes were given command of their family's armies in the absence of their husband or son, but these women did not bed down at night among the troops in the field, as Joan often did. Shaw chooses to ignore these circumstances.
- On a somewhat related subject, Shaw tries to portray her as a rebel against "gender norms", again ignoring her own statements and the circumstances of the era. She was quoted by one eyewitness as saying that, quote, "I would rather stay home with my poor mother and spin wool [rather than lead an army]", which hardly sounds like someone who is trying to reject traditional gender roles. When another woman, Catherine de la Rochelle, wanted to get involved, Joan told her to "go home to your husband and tend your household". At no point do we find her making any 'feminist' statements. She was given titular command of an army for the same reason other religious visionaries sometimes were given such a role in that era, not as part of a "feminist crusade".
- Shaw admits that Joan was a devout Catholic and yet claims her as "the first Protestant martyr" - in the same sentence. This seems to be a rather willful contradiction, and the claim of "Protestant tendencies" is merely based, once again, on the old business of accepting Cauchon's claims about her at face value while ignoring the circumstances. If you read the documents you will find that Joan never opposed the Church as a whole: she merely stated her objection to being tried by a panel of pro-English clergy, and repeatedly asked to be given a non-partisan group instead or to be brought before the Pope. It was a violation of Inquisitorial procedure to stack the panel of assessors with people who were pursuing a secular vendetta against the accused: what Cauchon and his cohorts were doing, as Inquisitor Brehal later pointed out during the appeal, was itself an act of heresy. The notion that the medieval Church viewed all Inquisitorial panels as "infallible" and therefore not open to question is just a stereotype, bluntly contradicted by actual medieval theological writings: St. Hildegard, in her 12th century book "Scivias", warns the clergy against judging someone in error or out of anger, as it would be the offending clergy who would be punished for it by God. Joan was perfectly within her rights, even under the rules of the medieval Church, to question her biased judges, and was declared a martyr for Catholicism by Inquisitor Brehal when her execution was declared invalid in 1456. Shaw ignores this. The claim that his play is somehow vindicated by the fact that it was "vetted" by one Catholic (out of the hundreds of millions of Catholics worldwide) is a pointless argument: there are "Catholics" who claim that Joan was having adulterous sex, and all sorts of defamatory allegations. The bottom line is: this play does little more than repeat the slander leveled at Joan by the men who cruelly put her to death, despite the work of generations of scholars to bring a more accurate picture of the issue to light.
Saint Joan, by George Bernard Shawall in all, i'd like to think that it was a decent play, and definitely worth reading.
Wit and Spirituality

Ok, but not as good as the author thinks it is!
excellent thoughts on the life of St. John Vianney

Great grammar -- a century ago.As a text book, it is barely usable, however. The book was first published in 1905 and its text has hardly been touched since. It is amazing to think of all the hard work that went in to compiling the vast amount of information present in the grammar, especially without the aid of a computer.
The downside to this book is that it is a great example of a 19th century grammar (the century within which I presume most of it was researched and written). This is a bad thing because I think students will have a difficult time with it (I know I have), keeping up their interest and actually understanding the material. Given the paucity of teaching resources on the LXX, this is a tragedy. But, in spite of a dire need for major updating, this book is very handy as a reference tool and I would highly recommend it to anyone interested in it as such.
A Great Supplement to Other Grammars

Retarded
THE SOUND OF FRIENDSHIP
The Story of a Unique Friendship

Cross of Saint George

Lytton Lite